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Shorebird reproductive success monitoring often relies on surveys of nest and brood survival. However, conclusions may be inaccurate due to the challenges of gathering and interpreting evidence of nest and brood fate. We tested the efficacy of in-person versus camera- based monitoring to quantify productivity and evaluate threats to reproductive success of American Oystercatchers (Haematopus palliatus) and Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus) at Metompkin Island, Virginia. We deployed 73 cameras using three set-ups: at nests, at brood sites, and along a transect. The same areas were also surveyed in-person approximately once per week. Camera monitoring confirmed nest fate where in-person monitors could not determine fate from field evidence and provided insight to the effectiveness of mammalian predator removal. However, cameras failed to capture causes of mortality for mobile chicks and did not consistently document chicks where in-person monitoring confirmed successful broods. Cameras produced large quantities of data requiring 63.5–315 hours to review, depending on camera set- up. We found cameras were useful for validating conclusions from in-person monitoring, highlighting threats that surveys missed, and characterizing the predator community. Managers should consider the tradeoff between potential benefits and required effort of camera monitoring when deciding which method would be effective for meeting management goals. 

Abstract Sleep's role in memory consolidation is widely acknowledged, but its role in weakening memories is still debated. Memory weakening is evolutionary beneficial and makes an integral contribution to cognition. We sought evidence on whether sleep-based memory reactivation can facilitate memory suppression. Participants learned pairs of associable words (e.g., DIET–CREAM) and were then exposed to hint words (e.g., DIET) and instructed to either recall (“think”) or suppress (“no-think”) the corresponding target words (e.g., CREAM). As expected, suppression impaired retention when tested immediately after a 90-min nap. To test if reactivation could selectively enhance memory suppression during sleep, we unobtrusively presented one of two sounds conveying suppression instructions during sleep, followed by hint words. Results showed that targeted memory reactivation did not enhance suppression-induced forgetting. Although not predicted, post-hoc analyses revealed that sleep cues strengthened memory, but only for suppressed pairs that were weakly encoded before sleep. The results leave open the question of whether memory suppression can be augmented during sleep, but suggest strategies for future studies manipulating memory suppression during sleep. Additionally, our findings support the notion that sleep reactivation is particularly beneficial for weakly encoded information, which may be prioritized for consolidation.